MQTT.js

MQTT.js is a client library for the MQTT protocol, written in JavaScript for node.js and the browser.

Upgrade notes
Installation
Example
React Native
Import Styles
Command Line Tools
API
Browser
About QoS
TypeScript
Weapp and Ali support
Contributing
Sponsor
License

MQTT.js is an OPEN Open Source Project, see the Contributing section to find out what this means.

Important notes for existing users

v5.0.0 (07/2023)

Removes support for all end of life node versions (v12 and v14), and now supports node v18 and v20.
Completely rewritten in Typescript 🚀.
When creating MqttClient instance new is now required.

v4.0.0 (Released 04/2020) removes support for all end of life node versions, and now supports node v12 and v14. It also adds improvements to debug logging, along with some feature additions.

As a breaking change, by default a error handler is built into the MQTT.js client, so if any errors are emitted and the user has not created an event handler on the client for errors, the client will not break as a result of unhandled errors. Additionally, typical TLS errors like ECONNREFUSED, ECONNRESET have been added to a list of TLS errors that will be emitted from the MQTT.js client, and so can be handled as connection errors.

v3.0.0 adds support for MQTT 5, support for node v10.x, and many fixes to improve reliability.

Note: MQTT v5 support is experimental as it has not been implemented by brokers yet.

v2.0.0 removes support for node v0.8, v0.10 and v0.12, and it is 3x faster in sending packets. It also removes all the deprecated functionality in v1.0.0, mainly mqtt.createConnection and mqtt.Server. From v2.0.0, subscriptions are restored upon reconnection if clean: true. v1.x.x is now in LTS, and it will keep being supported as long as there are v0.8, v0.10 and v0.12 users.

As a breaking change, the encoding option in the old client is removed, and now everything is UTF-8 with the exception of the password in the CONNECT message and payload in the PUBLISH message, which are Buffer.

Another breaking change is that MQTT.js now defaults to MQTT v3.1.1, so to support old brokers, please read the client options doc.

v1.0.0 improves the overall architecture of the project, which is now split into three components: MQTT.js keeps the Client, mqtt-connection includes the barebone Connection code for server-side usage, and mqtt-packet includes the protocol parser and generator. The new Client improves performance by a 30% factor, embeds Websocket support (MOWS is now deprecated), and it has a better support for QoS 1 and 2. The previous API is still supported but deprecated, as such, it is not documented in this README.

Installation

npm install mqtt --save

Example

For the sake of simplicity, let's put the subscriber and the publisher in the same file:

const mqtt = require("mqtt");
const client = mqtt.connect("mqtt://test.mosquitto.org");

client.on("connect", () => {
  client.subscribe("presence", (err) => {
    if (!err) {
      client.publish("presence", "Hello mqtt");
    }
  });
});

client.on("message", (topic, message) => {
  // message is Buffer
  console.log(message.toString());
  client.end();
});

output:

Hello mqtt

React Native

MQTT.js can be used in React Native applications. To use it, see the React Native example

If you want to run your own MQTT broker, you can use Mosquitto or Aedes-cli, and launch it.

You can also use a test instance: test.mosquitto.org.

If you do not want to install a separate broker, you can try using the Aedes.

Import styles

CommonJS (Require)

const mqtt = require("mqtt")  // require mqtt
const client = mqtt.connect("mqtt://test.mosquitto.org")  // create a client

ES6 Modules (Import)

Default import

import mqtt from "mqtt"; // import namespace "mqtt"
let client = mqtt.connect("mqtt://test.mosquitto.org"); // create a client

Importing individual components

import { connect } from "mqtt"; // import connect from mqtt
let client = connect("mqtt://test.mosquitto.org"); // create a client

Command Line Tools

MQTT.js bundles a command to interact with a broker. In order to have it available on your path, you should install MQTT.js globally:

npm install mqtt -g

Then, on one terminal

mqtt sub -t 'hello' -h 'test.mosquitto.org' -v

On another

mqtt pub -t 'hello' -h 'test.mosquitto.org' -m 'from MQTT.js'

See mqtt help <command> for the command help.

Debug Logs

MQTT.js uses the debug package for debugging purposes. To enable debug logs, add the following environment variable on runtime :

# (example using PowerShell, the VS Code default)
$env:DEBUG='mqttjs*'

About Reconnection

An important part of any websocket connection is what to do when a connection drops off and the client needs to reconnect. MQTT has built-in reconnection support that can be configured to behave in ways that suit the application.

Refresh Authentication Options / Signed Urls with `transformWsUrl` (Websocket Only)

When an mqtt connection drops and needs to reconnect, it's common to require that any authentication associated with the connection is kept current with the underlying auth mechanism. For instance some applications may pass an auth token with connection options on the initial connection, while other cloud services may require a url be signed with each connection.

By the time the reconnect happens in the application lifecycle, the original auth data may have expired.

To address this we can use a hook called transformWsUrl to manipulate either of the connection url or the client options at the time of a reconnect.

Example (update clientId & username on each reconnect):

    const transformWsUrl = (url, options, client) => {
      client.options.username = `token=${this.get_current_auth_token()}`;
      client.options.clientId = `${this.get_updated_clientId()}`;

      return `${this.get_signed_cloud_url(url)}`;
    }

    const connection = await mqtt.connectAsync(<wss url>, {
      ...,
      transformWsUrl: transformUrl,
    });

Now every time a new WebSocket connection is opened (hopefully not too often), we will get a fresh signed url or fresh auth token data.

Note: Currently this hook does not support promises, meaning that in order to use the latest auth token, you must have some outside mechanism running that handles application-level authentication refreshing so that the websocket connection can simply grab the latest valid token or signed url.

Customize Websockets with `createWebsocket` (Websocket Only)

When you need to add a custom websocket subprotocol or header to open a connection through a proxy with custom authentication this callback allows you to create your own instance of a websocket which will be used in the mqtt client.

  const createWebsocket = (url, websocketSubProtocols, options) => {
    const subProtocols = [
      websocketSubProtocols[0],
      'myCustomSubprotocolOrOAuthToken',
    ]
    return new WebSocket(url, subProtocols)
  }

  const client = await mqtt.connectAsync(<wss url>, {
    ...,
    createWebsocket: createWebsocket,
  });

Enabling Reconnection with `reconnectPeriod` option

To ensure that the mqtt client automatically tries to reconnect when the connection is dropped, you must set the client option reconnectPeriod to a value greater than 0. A value of 0 will disable reconnection and then terminate the final connection when it drops.

The default value is 1000 ms which means it will try to reconnect 1 second after losing the connection.

About Topic Alias Management

Enabling automatic Topic Alias using

If the client sets the option autoUseTopicAlias:true then MQTT.js uses existing topic alias automatically.

example scenario:

1. PUBLISH topic:'t1', ta:1                   (register)
2. PUBLISH topic:'t1'       -> topic:'', ta:1 (auto use existing map entry)
3. PUBLISH topic:'t2', ta:1                   (register overwrite)
4. PUBLISH topic:'t2'       -> topic:'', ta:1 (auto use existing map entry based on the receent map)
5. PUBLISH topic:'t1'                         (t1 is no longer mapped to ta:1)

User doesn't need to manage which topic is mapped to which topic alias. If the user want to register topic alias, then publish topic with topic alias. If the user want to use topic alias, then publish topic without topic alias. If there is a mapped topic alias then added it as a property and update the topic to empty string.

Enabling automatic Topic Alias assign

If the client sets the option autoAssignTopicAlias:true then MQTT.js uses existing topic alias automatically. If no topic alias exists, then assign a new vacant topic alias automatically. If topic alias is fully used, then LRU(Least Recently Used) topic-alias entry is overwritten.

example scenario:

The broker returns CONNACK (TopicAliasMaximum:3)
1. PUBLISH topic:'t1' -> 't1', ta:1 (auto assign t1:1 and register)
2. PUBLISH topic:'t1' -> ''  , ta:1 (auto use existing map entry)
3. PUBLISH topic:'t2' -> 't2', ta:2 (auto assign t1:2 and register. 2 was vacant)
4. PUBLISH topic:'t3' -> 't3', ta:3 (auto assign t1:3 and register. 3 was vacant)
5. PUBLISH topic:'t4' -> 't4', ta:1 (LRU entry is overwritten)

Also user can manually register topic-alias pair using PUBLISH topic:'some', ta:X. It works well with automatic topic alias assign.

API

mqtt.connect()
mqtt.connectAsync()
mqtt.Client()
mqtt.Client#connect()
mqtt.Client#publish()
mqtt.Client#publishAsync()
mqtt.Client#subscribe()
mqtt.Client#subscribeAsync()
mqtt.Client#unsubscribe()
mqtt.Client#unsubscribeAsync()
mqtt.Client#end()
mqtt.Client#endAsync()
mqtt.Client#removeOutgoingMessage()
mqtt.Client#reconnect()
mqtt.Client#handleMessage()
mqtt.Client#connected
mqtt.Client#reconnecting
mqtt.Client#getLastMessageId()
mqtt.Store()
mqtt.Store#put()
mqtt.Store#del()
mqtt.Store#createStream()
mqtt.Store#close()

mqtt.connect([url], options)

Connects to the broker specified by the given url and options and returns a Client.

The URL can be on the following protocols: 'mqtt', 'mqtts', 'tcp', 'tls', 'ws', 'wss', 'wxs', 'alis'. If you are trying to connect to a unix socket just append the +unix suffix to the protocol (ex: mqtt+unix). This will set the unixSocket property automatically.

The URL can also be an object as returned by URL.parse(), in that case the two objects are merged, i.e. you can pass a single object with both the URL and the connect options.

You can also specify a servers options with content: [{ host: 'localhost', port: 1883 }, ... ], in that case that array is iterated at every connect.

For all MQTT-related options, see the Client constructor.

connectAsync([url], options)

Asynchronous wrapper around the connect function.

Returns a Promise that resolves to a mqtt.Client instance when the client fires a 'connect' or 'end' event, or rejects with an error if the 'error' is fired.

Note that the manualConnect option will cause the promise returned by this function to never resolve or reject as the underlying client never fires any events.

mqtt.Client(streamBuilder, options)

The Client class wraps a client connection to an MQTT broker over an arbitrary transport method (TCP, TLS, WebSocket, ecc). Client is an EventEmitter that has it's own events

Client automatically handles the following:

Regular server pings
QoS flow
Automatic reconnections
Start publishing before being connected

The arguments are:

streamBuilder is a function that returns a subclass of the Stream class that supports the connect event. Typically a net.Socket.
options is the client connection options (see: the connect packet). Defaults:
- wsOptions: is the WebSocket connection options. Default is {}. It's specific for WebSockets. For possible options have a look at: https://github.com/websockets/ws/blob/master/doc/ws.md.
- keepalive: 60 seconds, set to 0 to disable
- reschedulePings: reschedule ping messages after sending packets (default true)
- clientId: 'mqttjs_' + Math.random().toString(16).substr(2, 8)
- protocolId: 'MQTT'
- protocolVersion: 4
- clean: true, set to false to receive QoS 1 and 2 messages while offline
- reconnectPeriod: 1000 milliseconds, interval between two reconnections. Disable auto reconnect by setting to 0.
- connectTimeout: 30 * 1000 milliseconds, time to wait before a CONNACK is received
- username: the username required by your broker, if any
- password: the password required by your broker, if any
- incomingStore: a Store for the incoming packets
- outgoingStore: a Store for the outgoing packets
- queueQoSZero: if connection is broken, queue outgoing