microservices-framework-benchmark

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Framework	Language	Max Throughput	Avg Latency	Transfer
Go FastHttp	Go	1,396,685.83	99.98ms	167.83MB
Light-4j	Java	1,344,512.65	2.36ms	169.25MB
ActFramework	Java	945,429.13	2.22ms	136.15MB
Go Iris	Go	828,035.66	5.77ms	112.92MB
Vertx	Java	803,311.31	2.37ms	98.06MB
Node-uws	Node/C++	589,924.44	7.22ms	28.69MB
Dotnet	.Net	486,216.93	2.93ms	57.03MB
Jooby/Undertow	Java	362,018.07	3.95ms	47.99MB
SeedStack-Filter	Java	343,416.33	4.41ms	51.42MB
Spring Boot Reactor	Java	243,240.17	7.44ms	17.86MB
Pippo-Undertow	Java	216,254.56	9.80ms	31.35MB
Spark	Java	194,553.83	13.85ms	32.47MB
Pippo-Jetty	Java	178,055.45	15.66ms	26.83MB
Play-Java	Java	177,202.75	12.15ms	21.80MB
Go HttpRouter	Go	171,852.31	14.12ms	21.14MB
Go Http	Go	170,313.02	15.01ms	20.95MB
JFinal	Java	139,467.87	11.89ms	29.79MB
Akka-Http	Java	132,157.96	12.21ms	19.54MB
RatPack	Java	124,700.70	13.45ms	10.82MB
Pippo-Tomcat	Java	103,948.18	23.50ms	15.29MB
Bootique + Jetty/Jersey	Java	65,072.20	39.08ms	11.17MB
SeedStack-Jersey2	Java	52,310.11	26.88ms	11.87MB
Baseio	Java	50,361.98	22.20ms	6.39MB
NinjaFramework	Java	47,956.43	55.76ms	13.67MB
Play 1	Java	44,491.87	10.73ms	18.75MB
Spring Boot Undertow	Java	44,260.61	38.94ms	6.42MB
Nodejs Express	Node	42,443.34	22.30ms	9.31MB
Dropwizard	Java	33,819.90	98.78ms	3.23MB
Spring Boot Tomcat	Java	33,086.22	82.93ms	3.98MB
Node-Loopback	Node	32,091.95	34.42ms	11.51MB
Payra Micro	Java	24,768.69	118.86ms	3.50MB
WildFly Swarm	Java	21,541.07	59.77ms	2.83MB

We are using pipeline.lua to generate more requests per second and the pipeline.lua is located at microservices-framework-benchmark/pipeline.lua.

Here is the light-java server performance with the same command line with other frameworks.

wrk -t4 -c128 -d30s http://localhost:8080 -s pipeline.lua --latency -- / 16
Running 30s test @ http://localhost:8080
  4 threads and 128 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   774.30us    1.77ms  40.31ms   91.51%
    Req/Sec     0.93M    81.46k    1.06M    87.83%
  Latency Distribution
     50%  286.00us
     75%  529.00us
     90%    1.92ms
     99%    0.00us
  110603088 requests in 30.01s, 12.88GB read
Requests/sec: 3685234.33
Transfer/sec:    439.31MB

Here is another test with for light-java to push more requests but some other frameworks get server errors.

steve@joy:~/tool/wrk$ wrk -t4 -c128 -d30s http://localhost:8080 -s pipeline.lua --latency -- / 50
Running 30s test @ http://localhost:8080
  4 threads and 128 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency     2.35ms    2.80ms  54.23ms   89.24%
    Req/Sec   550.10k    64.34k    1.22M    74.54%
  Latency Distribution
     50%    1.56ms
     75%    2.87ms
     90%    5.41ms
     99%   22.17ms
  65803650 requests in 30.10s, 6.50GB read
Requests/sec: 2186203.44
Transfer/sec:    221.00MB

Here is the spring-boot-tomcat (tomcat embedded) performance.

steve@joy:~/tool/wrk$  wrk -t4 -c128 -d30s http://localhost:8080 -s pipeline.lua --latency -- / 16
Running 30s test @ http://localhost:8080
  4 threads and 128 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    82.93ms  108.77ms   1.58s    89.45%
    Req/Sec     8.40k     3.68k   22.19k    68.54%
  Latency Distribution
     50%   45.66ms
     75%  101.59ms
     90%  197.72ms
     99%  542.87ms
  995431 requests in 30.09s, 119.79MB read
Requests/sec:  33086.22
Transfer/sec:      3.98MB

Here is the spring-boot-undertow (undertow embedded) performance.

steve@joy:~/tool/wrk$ wrk -t4 -c128 -d30s http://localhost:8080 -s pipeline.lua --latency -- / 16
Running 30s test @ http://localhost:8080
  4 threads and 128 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    38.94ms   39.29ms 456.82ms   89.28%
    Req/Sec    11.21k     4.97k   28.16k    68.14%
  Latency Distribution
     50%   27.58ms
     75%   49.62ms
     90%   80.73ms
     99%  201.87ms
  1331312 requests in 30.08s, 192.98MB read
Requests/sec:  44260.61
Transfer/sec:      6.42MB

Basically, light-4j is 44 times faster than spring-boot with tomcat embedded just for the raw performance to serve Hello World!

In order to have a closer comparison, I have created another project spring-boot-undertow with embedded undertow servlet container (light-java is using undertow core only) and the performance is getting a little better. Light-Java is about 33 times faster than spring-boot with undertow embedded.

Upon requests from the community, I have added nodejs and golang examples and here are the testing result.

Node express framework. To start the server

cd node-express
npm install
node server.js

The test result.

steve@joy:~/tool/wrk$ wrk -t4 -c128 -d30s http://localhost:8080 -s pipeline.lua --latency -- / 16
Running 30s test @ http://localhost:8080
  4 threads and 128 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    22.30ms   24.35ms 592.24ms   49.18%
    Req/Sec    10.70k     0.87k   11.95k    94.82%
  Latency Distribution
     50%   47.94ms
     75%    0.00us
     90%    0.00us
     99%    0.00us
  1274289 requests in 30.02s, 279.51MB read
Requests/sec:  42443.34
Transfer/sec:      9.31MB

Go Standard Http

To start the server

cd go-http
go run server.go -prefork

The testing result.

steve@joy:~/tool/wrk$ wrk -t4 -c128 -d30s http://localhost:8080 -s pipeline.lua --latency -- / 16
Running 30s test @ http://localhost:8080
  4 threads and 128 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    15.01ms   15.35ms 180.11ms   87.10%
    Req/Sec    42.80k     5.46k   62.49k    70.58%
  Latency Distribution
     50%   10.03ms
     75%   19.96ms
     90%   34.55ms
     99%   72.99ms
  5123194 requests in 30.08s, 630.28MB read
Requests/sec: 170313.02
Transfer/sec:     20.95MB

Go FastHttp

To start the server

cd go-fasthttp
go run server.go -prefork

The testing result.

steve@joy:~/tool/wrk$ wrk -t4 -c128 -d30s http://localhost:8080 -s pipeline.lua --latency -- / 16
Running 30s test @ http://localhost:8080
  4 threads and 128 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    99.98ms  127.12ms 653.72ms   82.12%
    Req/Sec   351.24k    46.23k  525.74k    77.09%
  Latency Distribution
     50%   30.76ms
     75%  175.44ms
     90%  299.14ms
     99%  476.20ms
  41989168 requests in 30.06s, 4.93GB read
Requests/sec: 1396685.83
Transfer/sec:    167.83MB

After I post this online, one of spring developers recommended to test against Spring Boot with Reactor which is Netty based without servlet container. I am very new to this and might miss something and everyone is welcomed to submit pull request to enhance this project.

Here is the test result.

steve@joy:~/tool/wrk$ wrk -t4 -c128 -d30s http://localhost:3000 -s pipeline.lua --latency -- / 16
Running 30s test @ http://localhost:3000
  4 threads and 128 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency     7.44ms   12.88ms 285.71ms   94.23%
    Req/Sec    61.44k    12.25k   88.29k    79.23%
  Latency Distribution
     50%    4.62ms
     75%    8.11ms
     90%   15.03ms
     99%   42.60ms
  7305649 requests in 30.03s, 536.48MB read
Requests/sec: 243240.17
Transfer/sec:     17.86MB

Add Spark test case and here is the result. It is much better than most frameworks with servlet containers.

steve@joy:~/tool/wrk$ wrk -t4 -c128 -d30s http://localhost:4567 -s pipeline.lua --latency -- / 16
Running 30s test @ http://localhost:4567
  4 threads and 128 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    13.85ms   30.58ms 687.89ms   96.29%
    Req/Sec    49.10k    16.55k  107.63k    73.41%
  Latency Distribution
     50%    7.28ms
     75%   13.96ms
     90%   24.71ms
     99%  158.21ms
  5855187 requests in 30.10s, 0.95GB read
Requests/sec: 194553.83
Transfer/sec:     32.47MB

Add Jooby test case and here is the result. It is better than Spring Boot as it is using Netty directly.

steve@joy:~/tool/wrk$ wrk -t4 -c128 -d30s http://localhost:8080 -s pipeline.lua --latency -- / 16
Running 30s test @ http://localhost:8080
  4 threads and 128 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    15.57ms   25.97ms 431.00ms   94.64%
    Req/Sec    30.50k     8.66k   77.57k    75.68%
  Latency Distribution
     50%    9.93ms
     75%   16.49ms
     90%   27.27ms
     99%  123.80ms
  3613008 requests in 30.05s, 392.80MB read
Requests/sec: 120232.86
Transfer/sec:     13.07MB

@jknack submitted a pull request for Jooby to switch to Undertow instead of Netty and here is the updated result.

steve@joy:~/tool/wrk$ wrk -t4 -c128 -d30s http://localhost:8080 -s pipeline.lua --latency -- / 16
Running 30s test @ http://localhost:8080
  4 threads and 128 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    13.22ms   20.07ms 439.26ms   94.77%
    Req/Sec    32.96k     7.71k   52.00k    78.38%
  Latency Distribution
     50%    9.06ms
     75%   14.98ms
     90%   23.88ms
     99%