DOMPurify is a DOM-only, super-fast, uber-tolerant XSS sanitizer for HTML, MathML and SVG.
It's also very simple to use and get started with. DOMPurify was started in February 2014 and, meanwhile, has reached version v3.1.6.
DOMPurify is written in JavaScript and works in all modern browsers (Safari (10+), Opera (15+), Edge, Firefox and Chrome - as well as almost anything else using Blink, Gecko or WebKit). It doesn't break on MSIE or other legacy browsers. It simply does nothing.
Note that DOMPurify v2.5.6 is the latest version supporting MSIE. For important security updates compatible with MSIE, please use the 2.x branch.
Our automated tests cover 19 different browsers right now, more to come. We also cover Node.js v16.x, v17.x, v18.x and v19.x, running DOMPurify on jsdom. Older Node versions are known to work as well, but hey... no guarantees.
DOMPurify is written by security people who have vast background in web attacks and XSS. Fear not. For more details please also read about our Security Goals & Threat Model. Please, read it. Like, really.
DOMPurify sanitizes HTML and prevents XSS attacks. You can feed DOMPurify with string full of dirty HTML and it will return a string (unless configured otherwise) with clean HTML. DOMPurify will strip out everything that contains dangerous HTML and thereby prevent XSS attacks and other nastiness. It's also damn bloody fast. We use the technologies the browser provides and turn them into an XSS filter. The faster your browser, the faster DOMPurify will be.
It's easy. Just include DOMPurify on your website.
<script type="text/javascript" src="src/purify.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="dist/purify.min.js"></script>
Afterwards you can sanitize strings by executing the following code:
const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty);
Or maybe this, if you love working with Angular or alike:
import DOMPurify from 'dompurify'; const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize('<b>hello there</b>');
The resulting HTML can be written into a DOM element using innerHTML
or the DOM using document.write()
. That is fully up to you.
Note that by default, we permit HTML, SVG and MathML. If you only need HTML, which might be a very common use-case, you can easily set that up as well:
const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, { USE_PROFILES: { html: true } });
They can be found here: @types/dompurify
Well, please note, if you first sanitize HTML and then modify it afterwards, you might easily void the effects of sanitization. If you feed the sanitized markup to another library after sanitization, please be certain that the library doesn't mess around with the HTML on its own.
After sanitizing your markup, you can also have a look at the property DOMPurify.removed
and find out, what elements and attributes were thrown out. Please do not use this property for making any security critical decisions. This is just a little helper for curious minds.
DOMPurify technically also works server-side with Node.js. Our support strives to follow the Node.js release cycle.
Running DOMPurify on the server requires a DOM to be present, which is probably no surprise. Usually, jsdom is the tool of choice and we strongly recommend to use the latest version of jsdom.
Why? Because older versions of jsdom are known to be buggy in ways that result in XSS even if DOMPurify does everything 100% correctly. There are known attack vectors in, e.g. jsdom v19.0.0 that are fixed in jsdom v20.0.0 - and we really recommend to keep jsdom up to date because of that.
Please also be aware that tools like happy-dom exist but are not considered safe at this point. Combining DOMPurify with happy-dom is currently not recommended and will likely lead to XSS.
Other than that, you are fine to use DOMPurify on the server. Probably. This really depends on jsdom or whatever DOM you utilize server-side. If you can live with that, this is how you get it to work:
npm install dompurify npm install jsdom
For jsdom (please use an up-to-date version), this should do the trick:
const createDOMPurify = require('dompurify'); const { JSDOM } = require('jsdom'); const window = new JSDOM('').window; const DOMPurify = createDOMPurify(window); const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize('<b>hello there</b>');
Or even this, if you prefer working with imports:
import { JSDOM } from 'jsdom'; import DOMPurify from 'dompurify'; const window = new JSDOM('').window; const purify = DOMPurify(window); const clean = purify.sanitize('<b>hello there</b>');
If you have problems making it work in your specific setup, consider looking at the amazing isomorphic-dompurify project which solves lots of problems people might run into.
npm install isomorphic-dompurify
import DOMPurify from 'isomorphic-dompurify'; const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize('<s>hello</s>');
Of course there is a demo! Play with DOMPurify
First of all, please immediately contact us via email so we can work on a fix. PGP key
Also, you probably qualify for a bug bounty! The fine folks over at Fastmail use DOMPurify for their services and added our library to their bug bounty scope. So, if you find a way to bypass or weaken DOMPurify, please also have a look at their website and the bug bounty info.
How does purified markup look like? Well, the demo shows it for a big bunch of nasty elements. But let's also show some smaller examples!
DOMPurify.sanitize('<img src=x onerror=alert(1)//>'); // becomes <img src="x"> DOMPurify.sanitize('<svg><g/onload=alert(2)//<p>'); // becomes <svg><g></g></svg> DOMPurify.sanitize('<p>abc<iframe//src=jAva	script:alert(3)>def</p>'); // becomes <p>abc</p> DOMPurify.sanitize('<math><mi//xlink:href="data:x,<script>alert(4)</script>">'); // becomes <math><mi></mi></math> DOMPurify.sanitize('<TABLE><tr><td>HELLO</tr></TABL>'); // becomes <table><tbody><tr><td>HELLO</td></tr></tbody></table> DOMPurify.sanitize('<UL><li><A HREF=//google.com>click</UL>'); // becomes <ul><li><a href="//google.com">click</a></li></ul>
DOMPurify currently supports HTML5, SVG and MathML. DOMPurify per default allows CSS, HTML custom data attributes. DOMPurify also supports the Shadow DOM - and sanitizes DOM templates recursively. DOMPurify also allows you to sanitize HTML for being used with the jQuery $()
and elm.html()
API without any known problems.
DOMPurify does nothing at all. It simply returns exactly the string that you fed it. DOMPurify exposes a property called isSupported
, which tells you whether it will be able to do its job, so you can come up with your own backup plan.
In version 1.0.9, support for Trusted Types API was added to DOMPurify. In version 2.0.0, a config flag was added to control DOMPurify's behavior regarding this.
When DOMPurify.sanitize
is used in an environment where the Trusted Types API is available and RETURN_TRUSTED_TYPE
is set to true
, it tries to return a TrustedHTML
value instead of a string (the behavior for RETURN_DOM
and RETURN_DOM_FRAGMENT
config options does not change).
Note that in order to create a policy in trustedTypes
using DOMPurify, RETURN_TRUSTED_TYPE: false
is required, as createHTML
expects a normal string, not TrustedHTML
. The example below shows this.
window.trustedTypes!.createPolicy('default', { createHTML: (to_escape) => DOMPurify.sanitize(to_escape, { RETURN_TRUSTED_TYPE: false }), });
Yes. The included default configuration values are pretty good already - but you can of course override them. Check out the /demos
folder to see a bunch of examples on how you can customize DOMPurify.
// strip {{ ... }}, ${ ... } and <% ... %> to make output safe for template systems // be careful please, this mode is not recommended for production usage. // allowing template parsing in user-controlled HTML is not advised at all. // only use this mode if there is really no alternative. const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES: true}); // change how e.g. comments containing risky HTML characters are treated. // be very careful, this setting should only be set to `false` if you really only handle // HTML and nothing else, no SVG, MathML or the like. // Otherwise, changing from `true` to `false` will lead to XSS in this or some other way. const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {SAFE_FOR_XML: false});
// allow only <b> elements, very strict const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {ALLOWED_TAGS: ['b']}); // allow only <b> and <q> with style attributes const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {ALLOWED_TAGS: ['b', 'q'], ALLOWED_ATTR: ['style']}); // allow all safe HTML elements but neither SVG nor MathML // note that the USE_PROFILES setting will override the ALLOWED_TAGS setting // so don't use them together const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {USE_PROFILES: {html: true}}); // allow all safe SVG elements and SVG Filters, no HTML or MathML const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {USE_PROFILES: {svg: true, svgFilters: true}}); // allow all safe MathML elements and SVG, but no SVG Filters const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {USE_PROFILES: {mathMl: true, svg: true}}); // change the default namespace from HTML to something different const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {NAMESPACE: 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'}); // leave all safe HTML as it is and add <style> elements to block-list const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {FORBID_TAGS: ['style']}); // leave all safe HTML as it is and add style attributes to block-list const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {FORBID_ATTR: ['style']}); // extend the existing array of allowed tags and add <my-tag> to allow-list const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {ADD_TAGS: ['my-tag']}); // extend the existing array of allowed attributes and add my-attr to allow-list const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {ADD_ATTR: ['my-attr']}); // prohibit ARIA attributes, leave other safe HTML as is (default is true) const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {ALLOW_ARIA_ATTR: false}); // prohibit HTML5 data attributes, leave other safe HTML as is (default is true) const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {ALLOW_DATA_ATTR: false});
// DOMPurify allows to define rules for Custom Elements. When using the CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING // literal, it is possible to define exactly what elements you wish to allow (by default, none are allowed). // // The same goes for their attributes. By default, the built-in or configured allow.list is used. // // You can use a RegExp literal to specify what is allowed or a predicate, examples for both can be seen below. // The default values are very restrictive to prevent accidental XSS bypasses. Handle with great care! const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize( '<foo-bar baz="foobar" forbidden="true"></foo-bar><div is="foo-baz"></div>', { CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING: { tagNameCheck: null, // no custom elements are allowed attributeNameCheck: null, // default / standard attribute allow-list is used allowCustomizedBuiltInElements: false, // no customized built-ins allowed }, } ); // <div is=""></div> const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize( '<foo-bar baz="foobar" forbidden="true"></foo-bar><div is="foo-baz"></div>', { CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING: { tagNameCheck: /^foo-/, // allow all tags starting with "foo-" attributeNameCheck: /baz/, // allow all attributes containing "baz" allowCustomizedBuiltInElements: true, // customized built-ins are allowed }, } ); // <foo-bar baz="foobar"></foo-bar><div is="foo-baz"></div> const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize( '<foo-bar baz="foobar" forbidden="true"></foo-bar><div is="foo-baz"></div>', { CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING: { tagNameCheck: (tagName) => tagName.match(/^foo-/), // allow all tags starting with "foo-" attributeNameCheck: (attr) => attr.match(/baz/), // allow all containing "baz" allowCustomizedBuiltInElements: true, // allow customized built-ins }, } ); // <foo-bar baz="foobar"></foo-bar><div is="foo-baz"></div>
// extend the existing array of elements that can use Data URIs const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {ADD_DATA_URI_TAGS: ['a', 'area']}); // extend the existing array of elements that are safe for URI-like values (be careful, XSS risk) const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {ADD_URI_SAFE_ATTR: ['my-attr']});
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