docker-nvidia-glx-desktop

KDE Plasma Desktop container designed for Kubernetes, supporting OpenGL EGL and GLX, Vulkan, and Wine/Proton for NVIDIA GPUs through WebRTC and HTML5, providing an open-source remote cloud/HPC graphics or game streaming platform. Spawns its own fully isolated X.Org X11 Server instead of using the host X Server, not requiring /tmp/.X11-unix host sockets or host configuration.

Use docker-nvidia-egl-desktop for a KDE Plasma Desktop container which directly accesses NVIDIA (and unofficially Intel and AMD) GPUs without using an X.Org X11 Server, supports sharing one GPU with many containers, supports Apptainer/Singularity, and automatically falling back to software acceleration in the absence of GPUs (but with lower graphics performance).

Please read Troubleshooting first, then use Discord or GitHub Discussions for support questions. Please only use Issues for technical inquiries or bug reports.

Usage

Container startup may take some time at first launch as it could automatically install NVIDIA driver libraries compatible with the host.

For Windows applications or games, Wine, Winetricks, Lutris, Heroic Launcher, PlayOnLinux, and q4wine are bundled by default. Comment out the section where it is installed within Dockerfile if the user wants containers without Wine.

The container requires host NVIDIA GPU driver versions of at least 450.80.02 and preferably 470.42.01 (the latest minor version in each major version), with the NVIDIA Container Toolkit to be also configured on the host for allocating GPUs. The latest minor versions (xx in 000.xx.00) are strongly encouraged. All Maxwell or later generation GPUs in the consumer, professional, or datacenter lineups should not have significant issues running this container, although the Selkies-GStreamer high-performance NVENC backend may not be available. Kepler GPUs are untested and likely does not support the NVENC backend, but can be mostly functional using fallback software acceleration.

The high-performance NVENC backend for the Selkies-GStreamer WebRTC interface is only supported in GPUs listed as supporting H.264 (AVCHD) under the NVENC - Encoding section of NVIDIA's Video Encode and Decode GPU Support Matrix. If your GPU is not listed as supporting H.264 (AVCHD), add the environment variable SELKIES_ENCODER to values including x264enc, vp8enc, or vp9enc in your container configuration for falling back to software acceleration, which also has a very good performance depending on your CPU.

There are two web interfaces that may be chosen in this container, the first being the default Selkies-GStreamer WebRTC HTML5 web interface (requires a TURN server or host networking for best performance), and the second being the fallback KasmVNC WebSocket HTML5 web interface. While the KasmVNC interface does not support audio forwarding, it can be useful for troubleshooting the Selkies-GStreamer WebRTC interface or using this container in constrained environments.

The KasmVNC interface can be enabled in place of Selkies-GStreamer by setting KASMVNC_ENABLE to true. KASMVNC_THREADS sets the number of threads KasmVNC should use for frame encoding, defaulting to all threads if not set. When using the KasmVNC interface, environment variables SELKIES_ENABLE_BASIC_AUTH, SELKIES_BASIC_AUTH_USER, SELKIES_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD, SELKIES_ENABLE_RESIZE, SELKIES_ENABLE_HTTPS, SELKIES_HTTPS_CERT, and SELKIES_HTTPS_KEY, used with Selkies-GStreamer, are also inherited. As with the Selkies-GStreamer WebRTC interface, the KasmVNC interface username and password will also be set to the environment variables SELKIES_BASIC_AUTH_USER and SELKIES_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD, also using ubuntu and the environment variable PASSWD by default if not set.

Running with Docker

1. Run the container with Docker, Podman, or other NVIDIA-supported container runtimes (NVIDIA Container Toolkit required):

docker run --name xgl -it -d --gpus 1 --tmpfs /dev/shm:rw -e TZ=UTC -e DISPLAY_SIZEW=1920 -e DISPLAY_SIZEH=1080 -e DISPLAY_REFRESH=60 -e DISPLAY_DPI=96 -e DISPLAY_CDEPTH=24 -e PASSWD=mypasswd -e SELKIES_ENCODER=nvh264enc -e SELKIES_VIDEO_BITRATE=8000 -e SELKIES_FRAMERATE=60 -e SELKIES_AUDIO_BITRATE=128000 -e SELKIES_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD=mypasswd -p 8080:8080 ghcr.io/selkies-project/nvidia-glx-desktop:latest

Alternatively, use Docker Compose by editing the docker-compose.yml file:

# Start the container from the path containing docker-compose.yml
docker compose up -d
# Stop the container
docker compose down

If the Selkies-GStreamer WebRTC HTML5 interface does not connect or is extremely slow, read Step 3 and the WebRTC and Firewall Issues section very carefully.

NOTE: The container tags available are latest and 24.04 for Ubuntu 24.04, 22.04 for Ubuntu 22.04, and 20.04 for Ubuntu 20.04. Persistent container tags are available in the form 24.04-20210101010101. Replace all instances of mypasswd with your desired password. SELKIES_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD will default to PASSWD if unspecified. The container must NOT be run in privileged mode.

Change SELKIES_ENCODER to x264enc, vp8enc, or vp9enc when using the Selkies-GStreamer interface if your GPU does not support H.264 (AVCHD) under the NVENC - Encoding section in NVIDIA's Video Encode and Decode GPU Support Matrix.

2. Connect to the web server with a browser on port 8080. You may also separately configure a reverse proxy to this port for external connectivity.

The default username is ubuntu for both the web authentication prompt and the container Linux username. The environment variable PASSWD (defaulting to mypasswd) is the password for the container Linux user account, and SELKIES_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD is the password for the HTML5 interface authentication prompt. If SELKIES_ENABLE_BASIC_AUTH is set to true for Selkies-GStreamer but SELKIES_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD is unspecified, the HTML5 interface password will default to PASSWD.

NOTE: Only one web browser can be connected at a time with the Selkies-GStreamer WebRTC interface. If the signaling connection works, but the WebRTC connection fails, read Step 3 and the WebRTC and Firewall Issues section.

Additional configurations and environment variables for the Selkies-GStreamer WebRTC HTML5 interface are listed in lines that start with parser.add_argument within the Selkies-GStreamer Main Script or selkies-gstreamer --help.

3. (Not Applicable for KasmVNC) Read carefully if the Selkies-GStreamer WebRTC HTML5 interface does not connect or is extremely slow.

A TURN server is required because you are self-hosting WebRTC, unlike commercial services using WebRTC.

Choose whether to use host networking, an internal TURN server, or an external TURN server.

Internal TURN Server:

<details> <summary>Open Section</summary>

There is an internal TURN server inside the container that may be used when an external TURN server or host networking is not available.

Add environment variables -e SELKIES_TURN_PROTOCOL=udp -e SELKIES_TURN_PORT=3478 -e TURN_MIN_PORT=65534 -e TURN_MAX_PORT=65535 (change the ports accordingly) with the docker run command (or uncomment the relevant docker-compose.yml sections), where the SELKIES_TURN_PORT should not be used by any other host process or container, and the TURN_MIN_PORT/TURN_MAX_PORT port range has to contain at least two ports also not used by any other host process or container.

Then, open the ports with the docker run arguments -p 8080:8080 -p 3478:3478 -p 3478:3478/udp -p 65534-65535:65534-65535 -p 65534-65535:65534-65535/udp (or uncomment the relevant docker-compose.yml sections) in addition to the web server port.

If UDP cannot be used, at the cost of higher latency and lower performance, omit the ports containing /udp and use the environment variable -e SELKIES_TURN_PROTOCOL=tcp.

All these ports must be exposed to the internet if you need access over the internet. If you need use TURN within a local network, add -e SELKIES_TURN_HOST=[YOUR_INTERNAL_IP] with YOUR_INTERNAL_IP to the internal hostname or IP of the local network.

</details>

Host Networking:

<details> <summary>Open Section</summary>

The Selkies-GStreamer WebRTC HTML5 interface will likely just start working if you open UDP and TCP ports 49152–65535 in your host server network and add --network host to the above docker run command, or network_mode: 'host' in docker-compose.yml. Note that running multiple desktop containers in one host under this configuration may be problematic and is not recommended. When deploying multiple containers, you must also pass a new DISPLAY environment variable such as -e DISPLAY=:22 into the container, that is not used with any other X11 server or container in the same host.

However, host networking may be restricted or not be desired because of security reasons or when deploying multiple desktop containers in one host. If not available, check if the container starts working after omitting --network host.

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External TURN Server:

<details> <summary>Open Section</summary>

If having no TURN server does not work, you need an external TURN server. Read the WebRTC and Firewall Issues section and add the environment variables -e SELKIES_TURN_HOST=, -e SELKIES_TURN_PORT=, and pick one of -e SELKIES_TURN_SHARED_SECRET= or both -e SELKIES_TURN_USERNAME= and -e SELKIES_TURN_PASSWORD= environment variables to the docker run command based on your authentication method.

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Running with Kubernetes

1. Create the Kubernetes Secret with your authentication password (change keys and values as adequate):

kubectl create secret generic my-pass --from-literal=my-pass=YOUR_PASSWORD

NOTE: Replace YOUR_PASSWORD with your desired password, and change the name my-pass to your preferred name of the Kubernetes secret with the xgl.yml file changed accordingly as well. It is possible to skip the first step and directly provide the password with value: in xgl.yml, but this exposes the password in plain text.

2. Create the pod after editing the xgl.yml file to your needs, explanations are available in the file:

kubectl create -f xgl.yml

If the Selkies-GStreamer WebRTC HTML5 interface does not connect or is extremely slow, read Step 4 and the WebRTC and Firewall Issues section very carefully.

NOTE: The container tags available are latest and 24.04 for Ubuntu 24.04, 22.04 for Ubuntu 22.04, and 20.04 for Ubuntu 20.04. Persistent container tags are available in the form 24.04-20210101010101. SELKIES_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD will default to PASSWD if unspecified. The container must NOT be run in privileged mode.

3. Connect to the web server spawned at port 8080. You may configure the ingress endpoint or reverse proxy that your Kubernetes cluster provides to this port for external connectivity.

NOTE: Only one web browser can be connected at a time with the Selkies-GStreamer WebRTC interface. If the signaling connection works, but the WebRTC connection fails, read Step 4 and the WebRTC and Firewall Issues section.

4. (Not Applicable for KasmVNC) Read carefully if the Selkies-GStreamer WebRTC HTML5 interface does not connect or is extremely slow.

A TURN server is required because you are self-hosting WebRTC, unlike commercial services using WebRTC.

Choose whether to use host networking, an internal TURN server, or an external TURN server.

Internal TURN Server:

<details> <summary>Open Section</summary>

There is an internal TURN server inside the container that may be used when an external TURN server or host networking is not available.

Uncomment the relevant environment variables SELKIES_TURN_PROTOCOL=udp, SELKIES_TURN_PORT=3478, TURN_MIN_PORT=65534, TURN_MAX_PORT=65535 (change the ports accordingly) within xgl.yml (within name: and value:), where the SELKIES_TURN_PORT should not be used by any other host process or container, and the TURN_MIN_PORT/TURN_MAX_PORT port range has to contain at least two ports also not used by